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Grade Introduction:
20C8 Carbon steel is an unalloyed low carbon grade. Components when carburized have a core strength range of 430-490N/mm² with the hard wear-resistant surface case. It is a popular case hardening steel grade for general engineering, readily machinable and weldable in its supply condition. 20C8 is low tensile steel suited for lightly stressed components.
Grade Application:
Commonly used for general engineering lightly stressed applications that are subject to wear, 20C8 is suitable for applications such as collets, cams, rollers, bushes, spindles, and gears.
Equivalent grades:
| IS | BS | DIN | SAE | |||||
| Current | Obsolete | Obsolete | Current | Obsolete | Current | Current | - | |
| 20C8 | C20 | 3D | 070M20 | - | - | - | 1018, 1019, 1021, 1022 |
- |
Addition to other grades:
MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN8D, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN32B, EN36C, EN41B, EN43B, EN47, EN353, IS2062, 42Crmo4, HCHCR, D2, D3, H-11, H-13, CW-1, M2, M35, M42, 2714, SKD-11, P20, P20+S, P20+Ni, SCM 420, ASTM SA-36, ASTM SA-105, SAE 1018, SAE 1020, SAE 4140, SAE 8620, 16MNCR5, 20MNCR5, C20, C35, C40, C45, C50, C60, CK45, 20C8, 40C8, 45C8, 55C8, C55MN75, SAE 52100, S40C, S355J2G3.
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Chemical composition:
The following table shows the chemical composition of 20C8 steel:
| Element | C | Mn | Si | S | P |
| Content (%) | 0.15 – 0.25 | 0.60 – 0.90 | 0.15 – 0.35 | 0.40 Max | 0.40 Max |
Mechanical Properties:
| TYPICAL MECHANICAL PROPERTIES | TENSILE STRENGTH N/MM² | 18 | IMPACT IZOD J | IMPACT KCV J |
| 430 | 18 | 39 | 35 |
Hardness:
Heat Treatment:
Heat treatment temperatures, including the rate of heating, cooling, and soaking times will vary due to factors such as the shape and size of each steel component. Other considerations during the heat treatment process include the type of furnace, quenching medium, and workpiece transfer facilities.
Hardening:
Harden at a temperature of 760-780°C. Quench in water.
Tempering:
Tempering is recommended for stress relief and maximum case toughness. Tempering ranges from 150-200°C.
Physical Properties
Thermal Properties
| Property | Imperial | Metric |
| Thermal Conductivity | 51.9 W/mK | 360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
Forging Properties:
Soak for 1 hour at 2150 F (1177 C) prior to forging. Do not work below 1850 F (1010 C). Post-work solution treatment is required prior to final hardening.
Stress Relieving:
Normalizing:
Annealing:
Density:
Machinability:
Long, gummy chips characterize this alloy’s machinability. It can be machined in the annealed condition, however, condition H1150M will yield the best results. Post machining solution treatment of parts will be required prior to final hardening if machining in this condition.
Welding:
Successfully welded by common fusion and resistance methods, this alloy should not be joined by oxyacetylene welding. AWS E/ER630 filler metal is recommended if required.
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