SAE 4140



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Grade Introduction:

SAE 4140 Alloy steel grade is a versatile alloy with good atmospheric corrosion resistance and reasonable strength. It shows good overall combinations of strength, toughness, wears resistance, and fatigue strength.


Grade Application:

SAE 4140 alloy steel grade finds many applications as forgings for the aerospace and oil and gas industries, along with myriad uses in the automotive, agricultural, and defense industries, Typical uses are forged gears and shafts, spindles, fixtures, jigs, and collars.


Equivalent grades:

USA Din BS BS Japan
ASTM A29 DIN 1654 EN 10084 BS 970 JIS G4103
4140 1.6523/21NiCrMo2 1.6523/21NiCrMo2-2 805M20 SNCM220

Addition to other grades:

MS, EN1A, EN3B, EN8, EN8D, EN9, EN19, EN24, EN31, EN32B, EN36C, EN41B, EN43B, EN47, EN353, IS2062, 42Crmo4, HCHCR, OHNS, D2, D3, H-11, H-13, CW-1, M2, M35, M42, 2714, SKD-11, P20, P20+S, P20+Ni, SCM 420, ASTM SA-36, ASTM SA-105, SAE 1018, SAE 1020, SAE 8620, 16MNCR5, 20MNCR5, C20, C35, C40, C45, C50, C60, CK45, 20C8, 40C8, 45C8, 55C8, C55MN75, SAE 52100, S40C, S355J2G3.


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Chemical composition:

The following table shows the chemical composition of SAE4140 steel:

Standard Grade C Mn P S Si Cr Mo
ASTM A29 4140 0.38-0.43 0.75-1.00 0.035 0.040 0.15-0.35 0.8-1.10 0.15-0.25
EN 10250 42CrMo4 /1.7224 0.38-0.45 0.6-0.9 0.035 0.035 0.4 0.9-1.2 0.15-0.30
JIS G4105 SCM440 0.38-0.43 0.60-0.85 0.03 0.03 0.15-0.35 0.9-1.2 0.15-0.30

Mechanical Properties:

Properties Metric Imperial
Tensile strength 655 MPa 95000 psi
Yield strength 415 MPa 60200 psi
Bulk modulus (typical for steel) 140 GPa 20300 ksi
Shear modulus (typical for steel) 80 GPa 11600 ksi
Elastic modulus 190-210 GPa 27557-30458 ksi
Poisson’s ratio 0.27-0.30 0.27-0.30
Elongation at break (in 50 mm) 25.70% 25.70%
Hardness, Brinell 197 197
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) 219 219
Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) 92 92
Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC range, for comparison purposes only) 13 13
Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) 207 207
Machinability (based on AISI 1212 as 100 machinability) 65 65

Hardness:

197


Heat Treatment:

Heat treatment is carried out after hot working to render the steel suitable for machining and to meet the mechanical property ranges specified for the steel’s particular applications.


Hardening:

SAE 4140 alloy steel bar, plate, and square can be hardened by cold working, or heating and quenching.

SAE 4140 alloy steel is usually supplied with ready heat treated to hardness in 18-22 HRC. If further heat treatment is required, then heat to 840 ℃ – 875 ℃, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 10 – 15 minutes per 25 mm section, and quench in oil, water, or polymer as required.


Tempering:

Re-heat SAE4140 grade steel to 550℃ – 700 ℃ as required, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25 mm of the section, and cool in still air.


Physical Properties

The physical properties of SAE 4140 alloy steel are highlighted in the following table.

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.85 g/cm3 0.284 lb/in³
Melting point 1416°C 2580°F

Thermal Properties

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.85 g/cm3 0.284 lb/in³
Melting point 1416°C 2580°F

Forging Properties:

Forging of SAE 4140 steel should be carried out between 2200 and 1650 º F (1200 and 900 º C). The lower the finishing temperature from forging, the finer will be the grain size. This alloy steel should ideally not be forged below 1650 º F (900 º C) and should be slow cooled after forging in oil or water.


Stress Relieving:

Stress Relieving Heat to 680°C– 700°C, hold until temperature is uniform throughout the section, soak for 1 hour per 25 mm section, and cool in still air.


Normalizing:

This process is defined as heating a steel to a temperature above the ferrite to austenite transformation range and then cooling in air to a temperature well below this transformation range. This treatment may be carried out on forged products as a conditioning treatment prior to final heat treatment. Normalizing also serves to refine the structure of forgings that might have cooled non-uniformly from their forging operation. The nominal normalizing temperature for 4140 grade is 1600 º F (870 º C), but production experience may necessitate a temperature either 50 º F (10 º C) above or below this figure. In fact, when forgings are normalized before, say, carburizing or hardening and tempering, the upper range of normalizing temperatures is used. When normalizing is the final heat treatment, the lower temperature range is used.


Annealing:

SAE 4140 alloy steel is annealed at 872°C (1600°F) followed by slowly cooling in the furnace.


Density:

Properties Metric Imperial
Density 7.85 g/cm3 0.284 lb/in³

Machinability:

SAE 4140 alloy steel has good machinability in the annealed condition.


Welding:

SAE 4140 alloy steel can be welded using all conventional techniques. However, the mechanical properties of this steel will be affected if it is welded in the heat-treated condition, and post-weld heat treatment should be performed.


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